英文介係詞學習 English prepositions study guide for Taiwan learners

介係詞用法完整指南:7 Rules for English Prepositions (in/on/at)

Quick Answer (快速解答): 英文介係詞 (prepositions) 中最難的是 in、on、at。簡單記法:時間上,~에 用於「明確時刻」(at 7:00)、~에 用於「特定日期」(on Monday)、~에 用於「較長時段」(in June, in 2026);地點上,~에 是「一個點」(at the door)、~에 是「一個表面」(on the table)、~에 是「一個空間或範圍」(in Taipei)。先掌握這個從小到大 (at → on → in) 的邏輯,九成的錯誤都能避開。

把「我在捷運站」翻成英文,台灣學生十個有八個會說「I’m ~에 the MRT station」。其實母語人士會說「I’m ~에 the MRT station」。這個一個介係詞的差別,正是介係詞 (介系詞) 最棘手的地方——規則不難,難在中文的「在」一個字,到了英文要拆成 at、on、in 三個不同的選擇。這篇用 7 個可以馬上套用的規則,加上中英對照表、必背搭配詞和台灣人最常犯的錯誤,幫你一次把 in/on/at 搞定。

English prepositions lesson 介系詞文法課 in a lecture hall
Prepositions are the grammar point most students get wrong in conversation class.

英文介係詞是什麼?(What Are Prepositions?)

介係詞是放在名詞或代名詞前面、用來表示「時間、地點、方向、關係」的小字。常見的有 in、on、at、to、for、with、by、from。它們本身沒有什麼意思,卻決定了整句話聽起來自不自然。母語人士不需要思考就知道用哪一個,因為他們是「整組記憶」的——記的是 on the busat home 這樣的搭配,而不是套公式。

A preposition is a connecting word that shows the relationship between a noun and the rest of the sentence. It usually answers one of three questions: when (time), where (place), or which way (direction). Look at how one tiny word changes the whole meaning: “The cat is ~에 the box,” “The cat is ~에 the box,” and “The cat is under the box” describe three completely different scenes. That is the power, and the difficulty, of prepositions.

這也是為什麼背一張「規則表」永遠不夠。規則能帶你走七成的路,剩下三成是固定搭配 (collocations),得靠大量輸入累積。好消息是:日常生活裡九成的句子,都落在那「七成的規則」裡,所以先把規則學扎實,CP 值最高。

時間介系詞:at / on / in 怎麼選?(Prepositions of Time)

時間介係詞最好記的口訣是「從小到大」:時間範圍越小用 ~에,中等用 ~에,越大越長用 ~에。一個鐘點是個「點」,所以 at;一天是個「框」,所以 on;一個月、一年、一個季節範圍最大,所以 in。

時間介系詞 at with clock times 介係詞 at 用法
Use at for exact clock times: at 7 o’clock, at noon, at midnight.

at — 明確的時刻 (Specific Times)

用在鐘點和特定的時間點。也用在某些固定的時間「期間」和節日。一個常被忽略的固定用法是 at night——明明 night 是一段時間,卻用 at,這就是得整組記下來的例外。常見例句:

  • The meeting starts ~에 9 o’clock.
  • I usually feel sleepy ~에 noon.
  • She studies English ~에 night.
  • We exchange gifts ~에 Christmas.
  • He left ~에 the same time as me.

時間介系詞 on with dates on a calendar 介係詞用法
Use on for specific days and dates: on Monday, on June 30.

on — 特定的日子與日期 (Days and Dates)

只要是「某一天」就用 on,連「某天的某個時段」也跟著用 on。注意這裡——單獨講「早上」是 in the morning,但一旦綁定某一天,就升級成 on Friday morning。台灣學生最常在這裡卡住。常見例句:

  • My class is ~에 Monday.
  • Her birthday is ~에 June 30.
  • We met ~에 New Year’s Day.
  • I have a test ~에 Friday morning.
  • They got married ~에 a rainy day.

in — 較長的時段 (Longer Periods)

月份、年份、季節、世紀,以及一天裡的大段時間,都用 in。in 還能表示「再過多久」:I’ll be there in ten minutes (十分鐘後到)。這個未來用法和「持續時間」的 for 很容易搞混,後面會再談。常見例句:

  • It often rains ~에 July.
  • I was born ~에 2001.
  • We travel a lot ~에 summer.
  • She wakes up early ~에 the morning.
  • The train leaves ~에 five minutes.

地點介系詞:at / on / in 的差別 (Prepositions of Place)

地點的邏輯和時間幾乎一樣,也是「從小到大」:~에 是一個「點」、~에 是一個「面」、~에 是一個「空間或範圍」。把這三個畫面記在腦中,大部分情況都能直覺反應。

地點介系詞 in on at prepositions of place on a city map
Use in for cities and countries: in Taipei, in Taiwan.

at — 一個地點 (A Point)

把地方看成地圖上的一個「點」時用 at。重點是你不在乎它的內部空間,只把它當一個位置。所以約見面說 Let’s meet at the station,因為車站在這裡只是一個「會合點」。常見例句:

  • I’m waiting ~에 the bus stop.
  • Someone is ~에 the door.
  • She is ~에 work right now.
  • Let’s meet ~에 the corner of the street.
  • The kids are ~에 home today.

at the MRT station 在捷運站 prepositions of place in Taipei
“At the MRT station” vs “on the MRT” — the difference Taiwanese speakers mix up.

on — 一個表面或一條線 (A Surface or Line)

東西「接觸到表面」時用 on,延伸到「街道」和「樓層」也是 on。交通工具裡,能站起來走動的大型工具用 on。所以「我在捷運上」是 I’m on the MRT,但「我在捷運站」是 I’m at the MRT station——同一趟通勤,兩個不同的介係詞。常見例句:

  • Your phone is ~에 the table.
  • There’s a poster ~에 the wall.
  • Our office is ~에 the third floor.
  • I read the news ~에 the train every morning.
  • The bakery is ~에 Zhongxiao Road.

in — 一個封閉空間 (An Enclosed Space)

被「包起來」的空間用 in。城市、國家範圍大,當然是 in。一個經典對照:你坐進計程車是 get in a taxi,但搭公車是 get on a bus——大小決定了介係詞。常見例句:

  • The documents are ~에 the drawer.
  • We live ~에 Taipei.
  • I left my umbrella ~에 the car.
  • She works ~에 Taiwan now.
  • Please wait ~에 the meeting room.

in / on / at 用法總整理表 (Quick Comparison Table)

介係詞時間 (Time)地點 (Place)記憶口訣
~에明確時刻
at 7:00, at noon, at night
一個點
at home, at the door
最小 — 一個點
~에特定日期
on Monday, on June 30
一個表面/線
on the table, on the bus
中等 — 一個面
~에較長時段
in July, in 2026, in summer
一個空間/範圍
in the car, in Taipei
最大 — 一個空間

方向介系詞:into, onto, through, across (Prepositions of Movement)

前面講的 in/on/at 是「靜止狀態」的位置。一旦有「移動」發生,介係詞就要換成方向介係詞——這組是台灣課本最少教、母語人士卻天天用的。基本邏輯:in/on 是「已經在裡面/上面」,into/onto 則是「從外面移動進去/上去」。常見的方向介係詞和例句如下:

  • into (進入) — She walked into the room.
  • onto (移到表面上) — The cat jumped onto the table.
  • out of (從…出來) — He took his phone out of his pocket.
  • through (穿過內部) — We drove through the tunnel.
  • across (橫越表面) — They walked across the street.
  • toward (朝向) — She ran toward the door.
  • along (沿著) — We walked along the river.
  • past (經過) — I drove past your house.

最常見的混淆是 through 和 across:穿過「有內部空間」的東西 (隧道、森林、人群) 用 through;橫越「平面」(街道、橋、河) 用 across。記住畫面就不會錯。

其他常用介係詞:to, for, by, with, from (Other Key Prepositions)

in/on/at 之外,還有五個高頻介係詞值得單獨記。它們的錯誤率甚至比 in/on/at 更高,因為中文很難找到對應。

  • 에게 — 方向、目的地:go to schoolgive it to me。注意 arrive 後面不接 to (arrive at/in),這是台灣人最常多加的字。
  • for — 持續時間、目的、對象:for two hours (持續兩小時)、a gift for you。和 since (從某時間點起) 成對記。
  • by — 方法、期限、被動:by bus (注意:交通方法用 by,沒有 the)、by Friday (在週五前)、written by Lucy
  • ~와 함께 — 一起、用某工具:with my friendscut it with a knife
  • from — 起點、來源:from Taiwanfrom 9 to 5。和 to 成對。

English prepositions in the dictionary 介系詞英文
Many prepositions are idiomatic — you learn the collocation, not a rule.

台灣人最常犯的 5 個介系詞錯誤 (5 Common Mistakes)

教 ESL 二十年,下面這五個錯誤幾乎每個台灣學生都犯過。它們的共同點是:把中文的「在」「用」「對」直接搬到英文。最大的錯誤來源從來不是規則本身,而是逐字翻譯——中文的「在」一個字,到英文要看情況拆成 at、on、in,沒辦法一對一對應。

  1. discuss about — discuss 後面不接 about。
    ❌ Let’s discuss about the plan. ✅ Let’s discuss the plan.
  2. go to home — home 是副詞,前面不加 to。
    ❌ I will go to home. ✅ I will go home.
  3. on the morning — 單講早上是 in the morning;只有綁定某天才用 on。
    ❌ I exercise on the morning. ✅ I exercise in the morning.
  4. in the MRT — 捷運是能走動的大型交通工具。
    ❌ I’m in the MRT. ✅ I’m on the MRT. (但 ~에 the MRT station)
  5. married with — 受中文「和…結婚」影響。
    ❌ She is married with him. ✅ She is married to him.

30 個必背介系詞搭配詞 (Essential Preposition Collocations)

很多介係詞錯誤其實是「搭配詞」問題——特定動詞或形容詞後面只能接特定介係詞,沒有道理可講,只能整組記。這類搭配在多益 (TOEIC) 和學測寫作的扣分點裡佔很大比例。下面這 30 組是出現頻率最高的必背清單:

搭配詞 (Collocation)중국어例句 (Example)
의존하다 ~에取決於It depends on the weather.
listen 에게I listen to music every day.
look ~에Look at this photo.
wait for等待We waited for the bus.
good ~에擅長She is good at math.
interested ~에對…有興趣I’m interested in history.
두려워하는 of害怕He is afraid of dogs.
유명한 for以…聞名Taipei is famous for night markets.
apologize for為…道歉I apologize for being late.
belong 에게屬於This bag belongs to me.
focus ~에專注於Focus on your goals.
agree ~와 함께同意I agree with you.
worry ~에 대한擔心Don’t worry about the exam.
믿다 ~에相信I believe in you.
arrive ~에到達 (地點)We arrived at the airport.
arrive ~에到達 (城市)They arrived in Tokyo.
자랑스러운 of以…為傲I’m proud of my team.
responsible for對…負責You are responsible for this.
different from與…不同This is different from that.
similar 에게與…相似It’s similar to the old one.
good for對…有益Exercise is good for you.
angry ~와 함께對…生氣She is angry with him.
thank you for感謝도와주셔서 감사합니다.
look forward 에게期待I look forward to seeing you.
think ~에 대한思考Let me think about it.
laugh ~에嘲笑Don’t laugh at me.
full of充滿The room is full of people.
pay for付錢買I’ll pay for dinner.
succeed ~에成功做到She succeeded in passing TOEIC.
rely ~에依賴You can rely on me.

想把搭配詞記得更牢,可以順手複習 英文 12 種時態冠詞 a/an/the 用法——這兩個和介係詞並列為台灣學生三大文法痛點,一起練效果最好。

practicing English prepositions 介系詞練習 writing notes
The fastest way to fix preposition mistakes: write, get corrected, repeat.

介系詞練習方法 (How to Practice Prepositions)

介係詞沒辦法靠「理解」一次學會,只能靠「重複接觸」變成反射。最有效的三個方法都不花錢:第一,每天寫三句和自己生活有關的句子,刻意用上 in/on/at,寫完丟進文法檢查工具或請老師改;第二,看影集時把字幕裡的介係詞圈出來,注意母語人士怎麼搭配;第三,把固定搭配做成手機桌布,利用零碎時間複習。

比起背一百條規則,每天五分鐘的「輸出 + 修正」迴圈進步更快。想搭配連接詞一起練,可以參考 英文連接詞用法,讓句子更通順;假設語氣不熟的話,條件句 (假設語氣) 也值得一併補強。

小測驗:填入正確的介系詞 (Quick Quiz)

讀完規則,馬上測試自己。在每個空格填入 in、on、at 或其他正確的介係詞。答案在最下方。

  1. I have an English class ____ Monday afternoon.
  2. The meeting starts ____ 10 o’clock sharp.
  3. She was born ____ 1998 ____ Kaohsiung.
  4. Please put the report ____ my desk.
  5. We were stuck ____ the MRT for twenty minutes.
  6. He is really good ____ playing the guitar.
  7. The cat jumped ____ the sofa and fell asleep.
  8. I’m looking forward ____ seeing you next week.

解答 (Answers): 1. on   2. at   3. in / in   4. on   5. on   6. at   7. onto   8. to。答對 6 題以上,代表你已經掌握核心規則;錯比較多的話,回到上面的對照表再看一次,並把錯的那組搭配抄下來反覆練。

看影片快速複習 (Video Lesson)

下面這支由 English with Lucy 製作的影片,用情境示範 in/on/at 在時間和地點的差別,很適合搭配本文一起看:

常見問題 (FAQ)

介係詞 in、on、at 怎麼分?

用「從小到大」記:範圍最小用 at (明確時刻、一個點),中等用 on (特定日期、一個表面),最大用 in (較長時段、一個空間)。例如 at 7:00 → on Monday → in July;at the door → on the wall → in the room。

「在捷運上」英文怎麼說?

on the MRT,不是 in the MRT。能站起來走動的大型交通工具 (公車、火車、捷運、飛機) 都用 on;小型、要鑽進去的 (計程車、轎車) 才用 in。但「在捷運站」是 at the MRT station

at night 為什麼不是 in the night?

這是固定用法,沒有邏輯可循,直接記下來。in the morning / afternoon / evening 都用 in,唯獨 night 用 at night

介係詞要背嗎?

規則部分要理解,固定搭配 (如 depend on、good at) 則必須整組背。建議規則先學七成,搭配詞靠大量閱讀和聽力累積,不要想用一條公式套用所有情況。

into 和 in 有什麼不同?

in 表示「已經在裡面」的靜止狀態 (The keys are ~에 the bag);into 表示「從外面移動進去」的動作 (She put the keys into the bag)。只要句子裡有移動,就用 into,不用 in。onto 和 on 的關係也一樣。

交通工具用 in 還是 on?

看大小:能站起來走動的大型工具用 on (on the bus / train / MRT / plane / ship);小型、要彎腰鑽進去的用 in (in a car / taxi)。所以是 get on the busget in the taxi。腳踏車和機車比較特別,用 on (on a bike / scooter)。

下一步 (Where to Go From Here)

介係詞不是考前能臨時抱佛腳的文法,而是每天說話、寫信都會用到的基本功。與其追求「全部記住」,不如挑你最常用錯的那兩三組 (多數台灣人是 on the morning 和 in the MRT),這週開始刻意改過來。當這幾組變成反射,你的英文聽起來會立刻自然一個檔次。Pick one rule from this guide, use it in three real sentences today, and let it become a habit before you move on to the next. 想把文法地基一次打穩,接著就從 英文 12 種時態完整指南 開始,搭配介係詞一起練,進步最快。

출처

  1. 영국문화원 대만 지사 — 如何正確使用英文介系詞 in, at, on。
  2. 캠브리지 사전 문법 — Prepositions of time (at, on, in) reference.
  3. EF English Live — 簡述英文介系詞 in, on, at 的用法。
  4. Purdue OWL — Prepositions of time, place, and direction.

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